水墨山水背景 秦朝 前221–前207西汉 前202–9新朝 9–23东汉 25–220曹魏 220–266蜀汉 221–263孙吴 229–280西晋 266–316前赵 304–329后赵 319–351前燕 337–370后燕 384–407北燕 407–436成汉 304–347前凉 317–376前秦 351–394西秦 385–400、409–431南燕 398–410后秦 384–417后凉 386–403北凉 397–460西凉 400–421东晋 317–420南凉 397–414胡夏 407–431北魏 386–534东魏 534–550北齐 550–577西魏 535–557北周 557–581刘宋 420–479南齐 479–502梁 502–557陈 557–589隋朝 581–618唐朝 618–907后梁 907–923后唐 923–937后晋 936–947后汉 947–950后周 951–960杨吴 902–937南唐 937–975北汉 951–979闽 909–945前蜀 907–925后蜀 934–965楚 907–951南平（荆南） 924–963南汉 917–971吴越 907–978辽 916–1125北宋 960–1127南宋 1127–1279西夏 1038–1227金 1115–1234元朝 1271–1368明朝 1368–1644清朝 1644–1912 秦西汉新东汉曹魏蜀汉孙吴西晋前赵后赵前燕后燕北燕成汉前凉前秦西秦西秦南燕后秦后凉北凉西凉东晋南凉胡夏北魏东魏北齐西魏北周刘宋南齐梁陈隋唐后梁后唐后晋后汉后周杨吴南唐北汉闽前蜀后蜀楚南平南汉吴越辽北宋南宋西夏金元明清前221–前207前202–99–2325–220220–266221–263229–280266–316304–329319–351337–370384–407407–436304–347317–376351–394385–400409–431398–410384–417386–403397–460400–421317–420397–414407–431386–534534–550550–577535–557557–581420–479479–502502–557557–589581–618618–907907–923923–937936–947947–950951–960902–937937–975951–979909–945907–925934–965907–951924–963917–971907–978916–1125960–11271127–12791038–12271115–12341271–13681368–16441644–1912